Polyacrylamide(PAM) wani nau'in polymer ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a fannin maganin ruwa. Alamun fasaha na PAM sun haɗa da ionicity, digirin hydrolysis, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da sauransu. Waɗannan alamomi suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tasirin flocculation na maganin ruwa. Fahimtar waɗannan alamomi zai taimaka muku da sauri zaɓar samfuran PAM tare da takamaiman bayanai masu dacewa.
Lonicity
Lonicity yana nufin ko sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta PAM tana ɗauke da caji mai kyau ko mara kyau. Matsayin ionization yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tasirin flocculation na maganin ruwa. Gabaɗaya, mafi girman ionicity, mafi kyawun tasirin flocculation. Wannan saboda sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta PAM mai yawan ionic tana ɗauke da ƙarin caji kuma tana iya shan ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar da kyau, wanda ke sa su taruwa wuri ɗaya don samar da manyan flocs.
Polyacrylamide galibi an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), da non-ionic (NPAM) bisa ga ionicity ɗinsu. Waɗannan nau'ikan PAM guda uku suna da tasiri daban-daban. A aikace-aikace, ana buƙatar zaɓar ionicity mai dacewa bisa ga abubuwa kamar ƙimar pH na ruwan da aka yi wa magani, electronegativity, da yawan ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar. Misali, don ruwan sharar gida mai acidic, ya kamata a zaɓi PAM mai cationicity mai girma; don ruwan sharar gida mai alkaline, ya kamata a zaɓi PAM mai girma anionicity. Bugu da ƙari, don cimma ingantaccen tasirin flocculation, ana iya cimma shi ta hanyar haɗa PAM da digirin ionic daban-daban.
Matakin Hydrolysis (na APAM))
Matsayin hydrolysis na PAM yana nufin matakin hydrolysis na ƙungiyoyin amide akan sarkar kwayoyin halittarsa. Ana iya rarraba matakin hydrolysis zuwa ƙananan, matsakaici, da manyan digiri na hydrolysis. PAM mai matakai daban-daban na hydrolysis yana da halaye da amfani daban-daban.
Ana amfani da PAM mai ƙarancin sinadarin hydrolysis galibi don kauri da daidaita shi. Yana ƙara ɗanko na maganin, yana ba da damar barbashi da aka daka su warwatse sosai. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ruwa mai haƙa, rufin rufi, da masana'antar abinci.
PAM mai matsakaicin matakin hydrolysis yana da kyakkyawan tasirin flocculation kuma ya dace da hanyoyin magance ruwa daban-daban. Yana iya tattara barbashi da aka daka don samar da manyan flocs ta hanyar shaƙa da gada, ta haka ne ake samun sauƙin daidaitawa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannonin maganin najasa na birane, maganin ruwan sharar masana'antu, da kuma bushewar laka.
PAM mai yawan hydrolysis yana da ƙarfin shaƙatawa da canza launi mai ƙarfi kuma galibi ana amfani da shi wajen bugawa da rini a cikin ruwan sharar gida da sauran fannoni. Yana iya shaƙawa da kuma cire abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ruwan sharar gida, kamar rini, ƙarfe mai nauyi, da ma'adanai, ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin caji da shaƙatawa akan sarkar polymer.
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM yana nufin tsawon sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Gabaɗaya, mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, mafi kyawun tasirin flocculation na PAM. Wannan saboda babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM zai iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar da su da kyau, wanda ke sa su taru wuri ɗaya don samar da manyan flocs. A lokaci guda, babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM yana da mafi kyawun haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na floc.
A aikace-aikace na zahiri, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM da ake amfani da shi don maganin najasa na birane da kuma maganin ruwan sharar masana'antu yana buƙatar buƙatu mafi girma, gabaɗaya daga miliyoyin zuwa dubban miliyoyin. Bukatun nauyin kwayoyin halitta na PAM da ake amfani da shi don maganin bushewar ƙasa da laka ba su da yawa, gabaɗaya sun kama daga miliyoyin zuwa dubban miliyoyin.
A ƙarshe, alamu kamar ionicity, digirin hydrolysis, da nauyin kwayoyin halitta sune manyan abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin amfani da PAM a cikin maganin ruwa. Lokacin zabar samfuran PAM, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da ingancin ruwa sosai kuma ku zaɓi bisa ga alamun fasaha na PAM don samun mafi kyawun tasirin flocculation, inganta inganci, da ingancin maganin ruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-28-2024