Polyacrylamide(PAM) wani nau'in polymer ne wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin maganin ruwa, yin takarda, hakar mai da sauran filayen. Dangane da kaddarorin sa na ionic, PAM ya kasu kashi uku manyan nau'ikan: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) da nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku suna da babban bambance-bambance a cikin tsari, aiki da aikace-aikace.
1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)
Tsari da kaddarorin:
Cationic PAM: Yanar gizo polymer fili. Saboda yana da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki iri-iri, yana iya samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tare da abubuwa da yawa kuma galibi suna flocculate colloid marasa caji. Ya dace don amfani a cikin yanayin acidic
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin sharar ruwa: Ana amfani da CPAM sau da yawa don kula da ruwan sha na kwayoyin da ba su da kyau, kamar najasar birni, ruwan sarrafa abinci, da dai sauransu. Madaidaicin cajin zai iya haɗawa da barbashi da aka dakatar da ba daidai ba don samar da flocs, ta haka yana haɓaka rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi.
- Masana'antar takarda: A cikin tsarin yin takarda, ana iya amfani da CPAM azaman wakili mai ƙarfafawa da mai riƙewa don inganta ƙarfin da riƙewa na takarda.
- Hako mai: A cikin filayen mai, ana amfani da CPAM don magance laka mai hakowa don rage tacewa da kauri.
2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)
Tsari da kaddarorin:
Anionic PAM shine polymer mai narkewa da ruwa. Ta hanyar gabatar da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin anionic akan kashin baya na polymer, APAM na iya amsawa tare da abubuwan da aka caje madaidaici. An fi amfani da shi don flocculation, sedimentation da kuma bayyana daban-daban sharar gida masana'antu. Ya dace da amfani a yanayin alkaline.
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin ruwa: Ana amfani da APAM sosai a cikin ruwan sha da kuma kula da ruwan sharar masana'antu. Yana iya tattara ɓangarorin da aka dakatar ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin lantarki ko haɓakawa, don haka inganta tsabtar ruwa.
- Masana'antar takarda: A matsayin taimako na riƙewa da tacewa, APAM na iya inganta aikin tace ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara da ƙarfin takarda.
- Haƙar ma'adinai da Tufafin Ore: A lokacin da ake yin iyo da ɓarkewar tama, APAM na iya haɓaka ɓarnawar ƙwayoyin tama da haɓaka ƙimar tama.
- Inganta ƙasa: APAM na iya inganta tsarin ƙasa, rage zaizayar ƙasa, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a aikin gona da noma.
3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)
Tsarin da Kaddarorin:
Nonionic PAM babban nau'in polymer ne ko polyelectrolyte tare da takamaiman adadin kwayoyin halitta na polar a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Yana iya adsorb m barbashi dakatar a cikin ruwa da gada tsakanin barbashi don samar da manyan floccules, hanzarta sedimentation na barbashi a dakatar, kara da bayyana bayani, da kuma inganta tacewa. Ba ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu caji kuma galibi ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin amide. Wannan tsarin yana sa ya nuna kyakkyawan solubility da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin tsaka-tsaki da raunin acidic yanayi. Nonionic PAM yana da halaye na babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta kuma ƙimar pH ba ta da tasiri sosai.
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin Ruwa: Ana iya amfani da NPAM don magance ƙarancin tururi, ruwa mai tsafta, kamar ruwan gida da ruwan sha. Amfaninsa shine cewa yana da ƙarfin daidaitawa ga canje-canje a cikin ingancin ruwa da pH.
- Masana'antar yadi da rini: A cikin sarrafa masaku, ana amfani da NPAM azaman mai kauri da daidaitawa don haɓaka rini da rini iri ɗaya.
- Masana'antar ƙarfe: Ana amfani da NPAM azaman mai mai da mai sanyaya a cikin sarrafa ƙarfe don rage juzu'i da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki.
- Noma da Noma: A matsayin mai damshin ƙasa, NPAM na iya haɓaka ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na ƙasa da haɓaka haɓakar shuka.
Cationic, anionic da nonionic polyacrylamide suna da filayen aikace-aikace daban-daban da tasiri saboda tsarin sinadarai na musamman da halayen caji. Fahimtar da zabar abin da ya dacePAMnau'in na iya inganta ingantaccen aiki da tasiri sosai don biyan bukatun masana'antu daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2024