Polyacrylamide(PAM) wani nau'in polymer ne mai amfani da yawa wanda ake amfani da shi sosai wajen sarrafa ruwa, yin takarda, cire mai da sauran fannoni. Dangane da halayen ionic, an raba PAM zuwa manyan nau'ikan guda uku: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) da nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a tsari, aiki da aikace-aikace.
1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)
Tsarin da kaddarorin:
Cationic PAM: Yana da wani nau'in polymer mai layi. Saboda yana da nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi masu aiki iri-iri, yana iya samar da haɗin hydrogen tare da abubuwa da yawa kuma galibi yana floccular colloids mara kyau. Ya dace da amfani a yanayin acidic.
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin Ruwan Shara: Sau da yawa ana amfani da CPAM don magance ruwan shara mai guba, kamar najasa na birni, ruwan sharar da ake sarrafa abinci, da sauransu. Cajin da ke da kyau zai iya haɗuwa da barbashi masu caji mara kyau don samar da flocs, ta haka yana haɓaka rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi.
- Masana'antar takarda: A cikin tsarin yin takarda, ana iya amfani da CPAM a matsayin wakili mai ƙarfafawa da kuma wakili mai riƙewa don inganta ƙarfi da ƙimar riƙe takarda.
- Hako mai: A filayen mai, ana amfani da CPAM don magance laka mai haƙa don rage tacewa da kauri.
2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)
Tsarin da kaddarorin:
Anionic PAM wani polymer ne mai narkewar ruwa. Ta hanyar gabatar da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin anionic akan kashin bayan polymer, APAM na iya amsawa da abubuwa masu caji mai kyau. Ana amfani da shi galibi don flocculation, sedimentation da kuma fayyace ruwan sharar masana'antu daban-daban. Ya dace da amfani a yanayin alkaline.
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin Ruwa: Ana amfani da APAM sosai wajen maganin ruwan sha da kuma maganin sharar gida na masana'antu. Yana iya tara ƙwayoyin da aka daka ta hanyar hana ko kuma shaƙar iska ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki, ta haka yana inganta tsabtar ruwa.
- Masana'antar takarda: A matsayin taimakon riƙewa da tacewa, APAM na iya inganta aikin tace ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara da ƙarfin takarda.
- Haƙar ma'adinai da Miyar Ma'adinai: A lokacin shawagi da kuma narkewar ma'adinai, APAM na iya haɓaka narkewar ma'adinai da kuma inganta saurin murmurewa na ma'adinai.
- Inganta Ƙasa: APAM na iya inganta tsarin ƙasa, rage zaizayar ƙasa, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin noma da noman lambu.
3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)
Tsarin da Kadarorin:
Nonionic PAM wani nau'in polymer ne mai yawan ƙwayoyin halitta ko polyelectrolyte wanda ke da wani adadin kwayoyin halitta na polar a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halittarsa. Yana iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙarfi da aka rataye a cikin ruwa da kuma haɗa su tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da manyan floccules, yana hanzarta lalata ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin dakatarwa, yana hanzarta bayyana maganin, da kuma haɓaka tacewa. Ba ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin caji kuma galibi ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin amide. Wannan tsari yana sa ya nuna kyakkyawan narkewa da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsaka tsaki da rauni na acidic. Nonionic PAM yana da halaye na babban nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ƙimar pH ba ta da tasiri sosai.
Aikace-aikace:
- Maganin Ruwa: Ana iya amfani da NPAM don magance ƙarancin datti, ruwa mai tsafta, kamar ruwan gida da ruwan sha. Amfaninsa shine yana da ƙarfin daidaitawa ga canje-canje a ingancin ruwa da pH.
- Masana'antar yadi da rini: A fannin sarrafa yadi, ana amfani da NPAM a matsayin mai kauri da kuma mai daidaita launi don inganta mannewa da kuma daidaiton rini.
- Masana'antar ƙarfe: Ana amfani da NPAM a matsayin mai mai da kuma mai sanyaya a fannin sarrafa ƙarfe don rage gogayya da inganta ingancin sarrafawa.
- Noma da Noma: A matsayinsa na mai sanya danshi a ƙasa, NPAM na iya inganta ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na ƙasa da kuma haɓaka haɓakar shuke-shuke.
Cationic, anionic da nonionic polyacrylamide suna da fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikace da tasirinsu saboda tsarin sinadarai na musamman da halayen caji. Fahimtar da zaɓar wanda ya dacePAMNau'in na iya inganta ingantaccen sarrafawa da tasirinsa sosai don biyan buƙatun masana'antu daban-daban.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-11-2024